The TNO Gastro-Intestinal Model (TIM)
نویسنده
چکیده
The TNO Gastro-Intestinal Model (TIM) is a multi-compartmental model, designed to realistically simulate conditions in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. TIM is successfully used to study the gastro-intestinal behavior of a wide variety of feed, food and pharmaceutical products. Experiments in TIM are based on a computer simulation of the digestive conditions in the lumen of the gut during transit and digestion of a meal in vivo. These conditions include controlled parameters such as gastric and small intestinal transit, fl ow rates and composition of digestive fl uids, pH values, and removal of water and metabolites. Simulation protocols have been developed for young, adult and elderly humans, dogs, pigs and calves after ingestion of various meals. The typical end point from results obtained with TIM is the availability of a compound for absorption through the gut wall (bio-accessibility). Results from TIM—with or without additional intestinal cell assays and in silico modeling—show a high predictability as compared to in vivo data (Marteau et al., J Dairy Sci 80:1031–1037, 1997; Verwei et al., J Nutr 136:3074– 2078, 2006; Bellmann et al., TIM-carbo: a rapid, cost-effi cient and reliable in vitro method for glycaemic response after carbohydrate ingestion. In: van der Kamp J-W, Jones JM, McCleary BV (eds) Dietary fi bre: new frontiers for food and health. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, p 467–473, 2010; Van LooBouwman et al., J Agric Food Chem 62(4):950–955, 2014).
منابع مشابه
Observations on the Incidence, Epidemiology, Control and Economic Importance of Gastro-Intestinal Parasites of Sheep and Goats in Iran
متن کامل
Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants effective in the treatment of gastro-intestinal diseases in Mahneshan County
Background: Mahneshan County, with an area of 2815 km2, located west of Zanjan province, is the most prosperous and pristine regions . The county is rich in Plant biodiversity due to its plains and highlands, diverse habitats and proper soil and water resources. A significant proportion of its herbs have medicinal properties, including the treatment of gastro-intestinal disorders, which have no...
متن کاملMicroencapsulation of probiotics by calcium alginate-gelatinized starch with chitosan coating and evaluation of survival in simulated human gastro-intestinal condition
Microencapsulation as one of the most modern methods has remarkable effects on probiotic survival. In this study Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 39392) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (ATCC 29521) were encapsulated using calcium alginate-gelatinized starch, chitosan coating and inulin via emulsion technique, and were incubated in simulated gastric juice (along with pepsin, pH=1.5) and simulated intestina...
متن کاملMicroencapsulation of probiotics by calcium alginate-gelatinized starch with chitosan coating and evaluation of survival in simulated human gastro-intestinal condition
Microencapsulation as one of the most modern methods has remarkable effects on probiotic survival. In this study Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 39392) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (ATCC 29521) were encapsulated using calcium alginate-gelatinized starch, chitosan coating and inulin via emulsion technique, and were incubated in simulated gastric juice (along with pepsin, pH=1.5) and simulated intestina...
متن کاملPromoting probiotics survival by microencapsualtion with Hylon starch and genipin cross-linked coatings in simulated gastro-intestinal condition and heat treatment
Microencapsulation with hydrocolloids as a modern technique has been used to prolong the survival of probiotics during exposure to harsh conditions. In this study, alginate-Hylon starch microcapsules with genipin cross-linked chitosan and poly-L-lysine coatings were developed to encapsulate four strains of probiotic bacteria, including Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 39392), Bifidobacterium bifidum (...
متن کامل